Republic Day is a national holiday in India that celebrated the date on which the Indian Constitution took into action on January 26, 1950, replacing the Government of India Act (1935), as the country's governing document and transforming the country into a newly constituted republic. The transition of India from an autonomous Commonwealth realm with the British Monarch as nominal head of the Indian Dominion to a fully sovereign republic in the Commonwealth of Nations with the President of India as nominal head of the Indian Union is also commemorated on this day.
The Indian Constituent Assembly enacted the Constitution on November 26, 1949, and it went into effect on January 26, 1950, with a democratic governance structure, completing the country's transition to independence. The date of 26 January was chosen since it was on this day in 1929 that the Indian National Congress proclaimed the Declaration of Indian Independence (Purna Swaraj) in lieu of the Realm status as a Dominion afterwards instated by the departing British Regime.
Republic Day's History
Following the Indian independence struggle, India gained independence from the British Raj on August 15, 1947. The Indian Independence Act of 1947 was an Act of the United Kingdom Parliament that partitioned British India into two new sovereign Dominions of the British Commonwealth (later Commonwealth of Nations). India became a constitutional monarchy on August 15, 1947, with George VI as head of state and Earl Mountbatten as governor-general. However, the country lacked a permanent constitution, and its laws were based on the colonial Government of India Act 1935, which had been changed. On August 29, 1947, a motion was introduced calling for the formation of a Drafting Committee to design a permanent constitution, with Dr B R Ambedkar as its chairman. While India's Independence Day commemorates the country's independence from British rule, Republic Day commemorates the country's constitution's entry into effect. The committee drafted a constitution and submitted it to the Constituent Assembly on November 4, 1947. Before adopting the Constitution, the Assembly met for 166 days in public sessions spanned over two years, 11 months, and 18 days. The 308 members of the Assembly signed two handwritten copies of the document (one in Hindi and one in English) on January 24, 1950, after much deliberation and some changes. It went into force two days later, on January 26, 1950, across the entire country. Dr Rajendra Prasad began his first tenure as President of the Indian Union on that day. Under the new Constitution's transitional provisions, the Constituent Assembly became the Indian Parliament.
The President of India addresses the country on the eve of Republic Day.
Republic Day Celebrations
The primary Republic Day event takes place on the Rajpath in New Delhi, in front of the President of India. On this day, ceremonial parades are held on the Rajpath as a tribute to India, its unity in diversity, and its rich cultural legacy. The Republic Day Parade in Delhi
The Ministry of Defence organises the Delhi Republic Day parade, which takes place in the capital, New Delhi. This three-day event runs from the Rashtrapati Bhavan (President's house) gates to Raisina Hill on Rajpath via the India Gate and is the major attraction of India's Republic Day celebrations. The parade celebrates India's military might, as well as its cultural and social heritage.
In all their finery and formal decorations, nine to twelve different regiments of the Indian Army, as well as the Navy and Air Force, march past. The salute is taken by the President of India, who is also the Commander-in-Chief of the Indian Armed Forces. This parade also includes twelve contingents of India's paramilitary forces and police forces.
Defeating the Retreat
After the official end of Republic Day celebrations, the Beating Retreat ceremony takes place. It takes place on the evening of January 29th, the third day following Republic Day. It is played by the bands of the Indian Army, Indian Navy, and Indian Air Force, which represent the three branches of the military. Raisina Hill and Vijay Chowk, a nearby area flanked by the North and South blocks of the Rashtrapati Bhavan (President's Palace) towards the end of Rajpath, are the location. The President of India, who arrives escorted by the President's Bodyguard (PBG), a cavalry unit, is the Chief Guest of the occasion. The PBG commander instructs the unit to give the National Salute when the President arrives, which is followed by the Army playing the Indian National Anthem, Jana Gana Mana. The Army organises a massed band display ceremony in which Military Bands, Pipe and Drum Bands, Buglers and Trumpeters from various Army Regiments, as well as bands from the Navy and Air Force, perform popular tunes such as Abide With Me, Mahatma Gandhi's favourite hymn, and Saare Jahan Se Achcha at the conclusion.
The awarding of prizes
Every year on the eve of Republic Day, the President of India bestows Padma Awards on Indian civilians. After the Bharat Ratna, these are India's second-highest civilian honours. In decreasing order of importance, these honours are granted in three categories: Padma Vibhushan, Padma Bhushan, and Padma Shri.
For "extraordinary and distinguished service," he was awarded the Padma Vibhushan. The Padma Vibhushan is India's second-highest civilian honour.
For "distinguished service of a high degree," he was awarded the Padma Bhushan. The Padma Bhushan is India's third-highest civilian honour.
For "distinguished service," Padma Shri was awarded. Padma Shri is India's fourth-highest civilian honour.
The Padma awards do not include financial allowances, bonuses, or special rail/air travel concessions, despite the fact that they are national honours.
No titles or honorifics are associated with the Bharat Ratna or any of the Padma awards, according to a Supreme Court of India decision from December 1995; honorees cannot use them or their initials as suffixes, prefixes, or pre-and post-nominals appended to the awardee's name. This includes letterheads, invitation cards, posters, booklets, and other printed materials. If the awardee misuses the honour, the award will be revoked, and he or she will be warned not to do so after earning the honour.
A sanad (Certificate) bearing the President's hand and seal, as well as a Medallion, is included in the award.
The awardees are also given a replica of the medallion, which they can wear at any ceremonial/State ceremonies, etc. On the day of the investiture event, a commemorative brochure with brief biographical information about each award winner.
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